This study investigated the efficiency of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactor in treating wastewater. The performance of the bioreactor was determined based on various parameters, including performance of organic matter, nitrification, and membrane fouling. The results demonstrated that the PVDF hollow fiber membrane

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system represents a significant innovation in wastewater treatment. These plants combine conventional activated culture processes with membrane separation, resulting in exceptional water quality. Recent developments in MBR technology focus on enhancing effectiveness, reducing energy demand, and controlling fouling. Applica